USA Index
WWW.FLIGHTGEAR.CH

USAAF HEAVY BOMBER CREW I  

USAHomeLinksNewsContact Us

Heavy Bomber Crew I

Bomber crewman preparing his K-20 aerial camera. He's wearing a B-15 jacket, Type A-11A trousers, B-6A flying boots, an M4A2 flak helmet over an AN-H-15 helmet, variable density goggles, a B-4 life vest, an A-14 oxygen mask, a Pioneer (similar type B-8) back parachute and army wool gloves.

 The B-15/A-11 (B-15A/A-11A) combination was defined as "intermediate" flying clothing according to official AAF nomenclature, with a main functional thermal range between -10°C and +10°C. It was, however, under certain circumstances considered suitable for temperatures down to -20°C.

It was made of water-resistant olive drab cotton with alpaca lining and was designed for comfort, freedom of movement and easy donning and removal.

The AN-H-15 cloth summer helmet, here worn underneath the M4A2 flak helmet, became standard April 23, 1943, replacing the Type A-9. Made of khaki cloth, it featured rubber receptacles for the ANB-H-1 earphones and was to be used by army and navy pilots alike.

Heavy Bomber Crew I

"Mae West", Preserver, Pneumatic, Life Vest Type B-4.

The B-4, standardized on May 6, 1942, was made of two superimposed yellow rubberized fabric compartments without a separate internal bladder.

In case of need it could be inflated by a CO2 cartridge or by mouth using rubber filler hoses and can be externally distinguished from the B-3 by not having a leather square sewn to the front. It sports a square canvas reinforcement patch, instead. Being rather stiff, thus less comfortable to wear than the Type B-3, it was considerably simpler to produce, though.

Heavy Bomber Crew I

The B-4 has two inflating tubes, one in the front and one in the back, i.e. one for each compartment. These were used in case of failure of the CO2 cartridges, when the vest was not inflated satisfactorily or leaking or for inspections checking the vest for leaks.

Heavy Bomber Crew I

Heavy Bomber Crew I

In order to operate the camera, this gunner/photographer is wearing thin army wool gloves instead of the much bulkier gunner's mittens normally worn at low temperatures.

Footwear are a pair of A-6A winter flying shoes. These consist of a rubber foot unit with a non-skid rubber sole and a waterproofed leather upper. Two leather straps are furnished to prevent losing the shoe in the event of a bailout.

The cloth covered M4A2 flak helmet was standardized in June 1944 and weighed 2 lbs 12 oz (1,244 kg). It was a significant improvement over its predecessor, the M3, in being lighter, more compact, easier to produce and featuring greater ease of donning and removing. Being less bulky it was initially designed for gunners and radio operators and proved very effective against flak fragments.

 

Carbon dioxide gas cartridge container with removable cap. The CO2 cartridge was activated by pulling down the ripcord on the inflators which punctured the cartridge.

 
Heavy Bomber Crew I

Heavy Bomber Crew I

Printed label information on the lower left front of the B-4.

Heavy Bomber Crew I

Attachment ring and clip on the waist strap of the B-4 life vest.

Heavy Bomber Crew I

The K-20 lightweight handheld aerial camera saw widespread use in WWII. Designed by Fairchild for oblique low altitude photos, approximately 15,000 were manufactured under license. It used roll film with an image size of approx. 10cm x 13cm (4x5 inches) and was equipped with a high speed shutter. It featured a handle grip on the left side and a charging handle/trigger on the right. A flip-up glass with crosshairs served as "aiming device".

The somewhat cumbersome Various-Density Goggle (Stock No. 74-G-79-40) was designed for tracking a target in the vicinity of and across the face of the sun. Brightness was adjusted by means of a turning knob at the front. The goggle was equipped with a red plastic visor for observing tracer bullets, here shown in the "up" position while pictures are being taken. This specimen manufactured by Polaroid is dated 1944.

The Type A-14 demand oxygen mask was standardized on July 1, 1943 after a development phase of almost two years. In a diluter demand system breathing oxygen is only provided when the wearer inhales. During exhalation the demand regulator shut off and the exhaled gases exit the mask through a flutter valve. The demand system, introduced by the AAF with the Type A-9 and A-10 masks, proved much more economic and much safer than the constant flow system previously used with the Type A-7 and A-8.

The Type A-14 was a vast improvement over previous mask types but was somewhat prone to freezing when used in bomber aircraft. Modifications made to the mask in the beginning of 1944 protected the lower inlet ports from water vapor and thus reduced the danger of freezing considerably.

Heavy Bomber Crew Iheavy bomber crew IHeavy Bomber Crew I

The type A-11 flying trousers, standardized on April 7, 1944, were equipped with a pocket for storage of bailout bottles. The improved A-11A version shown here, standardized on November 4, 1944 had this pocket moved up and introduced an additional pocket to contain the bailout oxygen hose in a coiled position.

The bailout bottle, in this case a type H-1 Emergency Oxygen Cylinder Assembly, was thus securely stored – much better than when it used to be stored in a canvas bag and fixed to the wearer's thigh by beans of canvas straps.

The Type H1 bailout bottle provided oxygen in case of an emergency forcing the crew to leave the aircraft at high altitude. After opening the hand-operated valve oxygen could be breathed by using the pipe stem until safer, lower altitudes were reached. This supply lasted approximately 8 – 10 minutes.